(ii) show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk level changed significantly with the safety protection device not working.

  
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SCENARIO - Large Supermarket 

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You are the health and safety advisor for a large supermarket store that employs 80 permanent workers. The workforce is comprised of workers, day and night shift managers and a store manager. The store manager’s working hours overlap the two shifts. The store is just 1 of 400 under the same ownership. The store manager is mainly concerned with keeping shelves fully stocked with goods to meet customer demand and ambitious sales targets. When not in their office, they spend the rest of their time walking up and down the goods aisles checking for empty shelves. This supermarket was listed in the top 10 for sales last year and the store manager wants to do even better this year. They have told shift managers that they do not care how it is done, but the supermarket must be in the top 5 this year for everyone to receive their bonus.

As a result of high demand leading up to a very busy national holiday period, 20 additional temporary workers have been recruited. Before starting work, the temporary workers have a very brief induction consisting of a 2-minute video explaining the company values. However, there are no written job descriptions and limited instruction or training about how to do the work. There is very limited supervision. There are also no written training records for these workers. The temporary workers are unaware of the company health and safety policy or how to report any issues, defects, or problems to their shift manager. They are immediately put to work in busy areas where they are needed most, such as shelf-stacking and transporting empty cardboard boxes to a storage area for compacting. They are told not to operate the compactor as it is dangerous and has been the subject of a previous enforcement visit.

As part of the supermarket’s drive to be more environmentally responsible, they have a large compactor (baling) machine. This is used to compact waste cardboard packaging so that it takes up much less space when it is stored and transported. The compactor comprises of three sections, arranged vertically. At the top is an enclosed hydraulic ram. In the centre is an opening, at about chest height, through which the cardboard is fed; the opening is guarded by a safety gate. At the bottom, resting on the ground, is a chamber, in which the cardboard is compacted by the hydraulic ram; the contents of the chamber can be accessed through a safety door on the front of the machine. Under normal circumstances, the authorised operator manually opens the safety gate and feeds waste cardboard into the machine through the opening, which then falls into the chamber below.


Task 1: Workers’ responsibilities in the workplace
1. The injured worker, and their fellow worker, may have contravened some of their responsibilities as workers within International Labour Organisation Convention C155 – Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No.155) Article 19 and associated Recommendation R164 – Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation, 1981 (No.164) recommendation 16.
Comment on the extent to which Article 19 of C155 and recommendation 16 of R164 may have been contravened. (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable,  using  relevant information  from the scenario.

Task 2: Influencing health and safety culture
2. To improve health and safety performance in the supermarket, you know that you need to positively influence health and safety culture.
What appear to be the negative indicators of health and safety culture at the supermarket? (20)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant information from the scenario.

Task 3: Health and safety management roles and responsibilities
Comment on the effectiveness of roles and responsibilities in relation to health and safety management in the supermarket. (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant information from the scenario.

Task 4: Accident investigation and recommendations
(a) Why should the scene of the accident have been secured? (5)
(b) Based on the scenario only, what training would you recommend the supermarket arranges for the different types of workers to minimise the probability of a repeat accident? (15)

Task 5: Determining individual human factors that negatively influence behaviour
What individual human factors might have negatively influenced the behaviour of the injured worker? (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant information from the scenario.

Task 6: Showing how the faulty compactor exposed workers to greater risk
With the compactor’s safety protection device not working, the workers were exposed to significantly greater risk. A good visual way of demonstrating and understanding this is to draw a risk matrix like the one shown below.

LIKELIHOOD

S

E

V

E

R

I

T

Y

 

Very Unlikely
(Risk Rating 1)

Likely
(Risk Rating 2)

Very Likely
(Risk Rating 3)

Major Injury
(Risk Rating 3)

Medium

High

High

First Aid Injury
(Risk Rating 2)

Low

Medium

High

Minor Injury
(Risk Rating 1)

Low

Low

Medium


(a) Assuming that you are teaching someone who has never seen this kind of risk matrix before
(i) show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk level was acceptable when the compactor risk assessment was initially carried out. (5)
(ii)
show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk level changed significantly with the safety protection device not working. (5)
Note: Show calculations and support the calculations using information, where applicable, from the scenario.
(b) What additional administrative control measures could the supermarket put in place to prevent a repeat of this accident with the compactor? (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant information from the scenario.

Task 7: Financial arguments for the store manager to improve health and safety
3. Based on the scenario only, what financial arguments could you use to convince the store manager that health and safety needs to be improved? (10)


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